Generalized myasthenia gravis infusions and injections
Fact-checked by Sami Khella, MD, MG specialistA generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) infusion or injection can take seconds, minutes, or hours, depending on the treatment. Intravenous (IV) infusions can take longer because the medicine flows slowly into a vein, while some subcutaneous infusions are shorter, and certain injections take less than two minutes.
gMG infusions and injections are used to help control symptoms. They differ in how the medicine is given, where treatment takes place, and how long it takes. Knowing what to expect can help you ask questions and feel more prepared for treatment.
What is a myasthenia gravis infusion?
MG infusion therapy delivers medicine into a vein through an IV or under the skin through a subcutaneous infusion. Infusion treatments include targeted therapies that block harmful immune processes and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), which uses antibodies from healthy donors to help regulate immune activity.
Infusions may be given in a clinic, infusion center, hospital, or sometimes at home, depending on the treatment. Myasthenia gravis infusion time can vary widely depending on how the medicine is given:
- IV treatment for myasthenia gravis uses a small catheter placed into a vein. The medicine then flows through the catheter over a set period of time. Depending on the treatment, IV therapy may involve short infusions, treatment over several days, or repeated treatment cycles.
- Subcutaneous treatment for myasthenia gravis delivers medicine into the fatty tissue under the skin. Depending on the treatment, an infusion may take up to a few hours and may be given on a regular schedule or in repeating cycles.
What are injections used for?
gMG injections deliver medicine into the fatty tissue under the skin. Depending on the medication, injections may be given in areas such as the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm, and some take less than two minutes to administer.
Treatment schedules may include:
- self-administered injections at home once daily
- weekly injections for four weeks, with additional treatment cycles based on symptoms
How do gMG infusions and injections differ?
gMG infusions and injections differ in how the medicine is given, how long treatment takes, and where it is given. The best option depends on the specific treatment, your doctor’s recommendation, and your needs and preferences.
Scroll horizontally to view all columns -->
| Delivery method | How medicine is given | Roughly how long | Where it usually happens |
|---|---|---|---|
| IV infusion | Directly into a vein through a small catheter or drip | Varies by medication; some gMG infusions take about 15 minutes to 1 hour, while IVIg infusions may take several hours and treatment may be given over several days | Clinic, infusion center, hospital, or sometimes at home |
| Subcutaneous infusion | Into fatty tissue under the skin through one or more small needles; some treatments use an infusion pump | Varies by medication; some take about 15 minutes, while others may take about 1 to 2 hours | Clinic or, for some treatments, at home |
| Subcutaneous injection | As a shot under the skin; some medications use a prefilled syringe | Varies by medication; some take about 20 to 90 seconds | At home after training or in a clinic, depending on the medication |
How should I prepare for treatment?
Preparing for treatment can involve asking questions, packing a few essentials, and getting your body ready. Before an IV infusion, your care team may suggest drinking plenty of fluids to make your veins easier to access. Try to get enough rest and avoid strenuous chores or heavy lifting that could worsen muscle weakness.
Consider packing these essential items to make your appointment more comfortable:
- soft, easy-to-eat snacks if chewing is tiring
- water to stay hydrated
- layers or a cooling towel to help with temperature changes
- books, a tablet, headphones, or other entertainment
- lubricating eye drops or an eye covering if eye symptoms worsen with fatigue
If needed, arrange transportation or consider bringing a trusted friend or family member for support.
Ask your medical care team about your infusion schedule, premedications, and whether you should eat, drink, or follow any special dietary guidance before treatment.
What happens during the appointment?
The appointment may include check-in, a brief health assessment, treatment setup, and monitoring. What happens depends on the gMG medication, how it is given, and where you receive it.
An IV or subcutaneous infusion
For an IV infusion, a nurse places a small catheter into a vein. For a subcutaneous infusion, medicine is delivered through a small needle under the skin. Some treatments use a pump to control how quickly the medicine is given.
During treatment, you may be able to read, use your phone, or rest. A healthcare professional may check your vital signs and watch for treatment reactions. If you need help moving around during an infusion, ask the care team for assistance.
“The process itself isn’t painful, in my opinion. The IV is placed in your arm or connected to a subdermal port, and then you sit back and wait.”
— Shawna Barnes, “How IVIG helps me as someone with myasthenia gravis”
After treatment, you may need to stay for a short observation period so the care team can watch for reactions before you leave.
A subcutaneous injection
A subcutaneous gMG injection may take only a few minutes, and some take less than two minutes. Some injections also require a short observation period afterward, depending on the medication.
If you give yourself the injection at home after training, your care team will explain which symptoms to watch for and when to contact them.
Can I receive treatment at home?
Some people can receive myasthenia gravis treatment at home, depending on the medication, their care needs, and insurance coverage. Some treatments may need to be started or given in a clinic before home treatment is considered.
Home infusions may involve nursing support, equipment, and monitoring. For some injections, you or a caregiver may be able to give the medication after receiving training.
“Aaron’s doctor arranged for a visiting nurse service, so he doesn’t have to travel to an infusion center every two weeks. … The nurse must be present throughout the procedure.”
— Allen Francis, “My twin’s MG infusion reminded me of the power of being present”
Questions to ask about home care
- Can this medication be given at home, or would I need a different treatment?
- Am I a good candidate for home treatment, and would I need any doses in a clinic first?
- Who should I contact if I have a problem or reaction during treatment?
- Does my insurance require prior authorization or use of a specific home infusion or specialty pharmacy service?
Next steps after treatment
Many gMG infusions and injections are given on an outpatient basis, allowing you to go home the same day. Whether treatment is given at home or in a clinic, plan for the possibility of feeling tired afterward. After treatment, it may help to:
- Prioritize rest and clear your schedule: Keep the rest of the day light, and consider leaving some room in the following day as well. Ask your care team how long to take it easy after your specific treatment.
- Lean on caregivers: Family or friends can help with meals, laundry, errands and other chores so you can rest and recover.
- Track fatigue and side effects: Note any lingering effects, such as diarrhea, aches, or tiredness, so you can discuss them with your care team. Depending on the treatment, symptoms such as fever, severe headache, stiff neck, or rash may need prompt medical attention. If you have severe trouble breathing or swallowing, or swelling of the face, lips, or throat, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency room.
“IVIG helps, but it does not erase the underlying reality of MG. … I have learned to slow down after IVIG instead of racing through the good hours.”
— Shawna Barnes, “The 5-minute crash: When my MG symptoms change without warning”
Myasthenia Gravis News is strictly a news and information website about the disease. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website.
